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Xanthium strumarium

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Asteraceae Genus: Xanthium

cocklebur, kīkānia [kikania]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form:

Stems:

Roots: Roots a tap root.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate or opposite. Blades deltate, ovate, reniform Apex obtuse or rounded. Base cordate, truncate. Margins serrate/dentate.

Flowers:

Fruit:

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Naturalized
Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Potentially naturalizing
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Kaho'olawe Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Potentially naturalizing

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 987 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:376 (Mi, Ni, K, O, Mo, L, M, Ka, H); Wood & LeGrande 2006:21 (Le? [observed but unvouchered])

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Xanthium strumarium L. nanakuli PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 12943 Oahu BISH 3/12/1933
2 Xanthium strumarium L. Diamond Head crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Christophersen, E. 1436 Oahu BISH 1/22/1931
3 Xanthium strumarium L. along the highway near the lands of waialua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. spence, g. collector number: 5741 Molokai BISH 3/10/1976
4 Xanthium strumarium L. diamond head crater closed mixed exotic and native vegetation on soil with Nephrolepis, Aleurites, Drymaria, Charpentiera, Metrosideros, Pipturus, Psidium PRESERVED_SPECIMEN christophersen, e. wilder, g.p.; hume, e.p. collector number: 1442 Hawaii BISH 1/22/1931
5 Xanthium strumarium L. halape Shore. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fagerlund, g.o. mitchell, a.l. collector number: 342 Hawaii BISH 2/16/1943
6 Xanthium strumarium L. Pohakuloa, Tank Trail aa, roadside; Heterotheca grandiflora, Pennisetum setaceum, Rhynchelytrum repens, Verbesina encelioides PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tierney 93 37b Hawaii BISH 7/13/1993
7 Xanthium strumarium L. Mokapu Peninsula, Ulupau Head Frequent on disintegrated lava. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Harris, J.A. C242070 Oahu BISH 8/20/1924
8 Xanthium strumarium L. Lualailua S slope of Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 2034.M Maui BISH 3/19/1920
9 Xanthium strumarium L. puuwaawaa transect t16 at puu huluhulu, near the acacia koaia colony In heavily grazed pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. collector number: 5733 Hawaii BISH 12/26/1989
10 Xanthium strumarium L. laie; near byu-hc Metrosideros, Dicranopteris PRESERVED_SPECIMEN afualo, d. collector number: 112 Oahu BISH 3/25/1975
11 Xanthium strumarium L. jeep road between wahiawa bog (kanaele swamp) and trail to tv relay tower on mt. kahili PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. mill, s.w.; g.peterson; b.peterson; flynn, t. collector number: 5201 Kauai BISH 12/22/1983
12 Xanthium strumarium L. Koele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 187.L ? Lanai BISH 6/1/1913
13 Xanthium strumarium L. kaa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 402 Lanai BISH 4/15/1929
14 Xanthium strumarium L. East Maui, Hana District, in corral E of Moomooiki Gulch Coastal pasture lands SE of Kauiki from Kaihalulu Bay to Ka Iwi O Pele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 2537 Maui BISH 10/22/1987
15 Xanthium strumarium L. Diamond Head crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Christophersen, E. 1442 Oahu BISH 1/22/1931
16 Xanthium strumarium L. kau district, hawaii volcanoes national park along halape beach, some distance west of the halape shelter Growing in open sunny location. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herat, t. herat, r.; higashino, p.k. collector number: 857 Hawaii BISH 6/30/1974
17 Xanthium strumarium L. kau district, land of makaka kopu moaula Roadside weed. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 5833 Hawaii BISH 4/21/1976
18 Xanthium strumarium L. Waianae Mts. (NW end), Kuaokala 1 mi. SE of Puu Pueo On crest in open eroded places. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 22866 Oahu BISH 11/11/1947
19 Xanthium strumarium L. Laie; Back of BYU-H campus Slope flat, soil clay/loam. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ziegelbauer, K. 44 Oahu BISH 4/2/1975
20 Xanthium strumarium L. Puuwaawaa Transect T16 at Puu Huluhulu, near the Acacia koaia colony In heavily grazed pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. 5733 Hawaii BISH 12/26/1989
21 Xanthium strumarium L. laie Roadside weed. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 11133 Oahu BISH 11/15/1931
22 Xanthium strumarium L. east maui, makawao district, ahihi-kinau natural area reserve, kipuka at the head of the trail towards pohaku paea from the midstop along makena-keoneoio road Pockets of vegetation in a'a lava and at roadside. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN abbott, i.a. norris, f.m. collector number: 91.48 Maui BISH 3/6/1991
23 Xanthium strumarium L. waialua; haleiwa point Common on flat coral rock and thin sand; full sun. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 27126 Oahu BISH 10/20/1946
24 Xanthium strumarium L. Jeep road between Wahiawa Bog (Kanaele Swamp) and trail to TV relay tower on Mt. Kahili PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 5201 Kauai BISH 12/22/1983
25 Xanthium strumarium L. n of halulu lake On mud flat. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 23645 Niihau BISH 4/1/1949
26 Xanthium strumarium L. west slope of haleakala, kula, haleakala ranch, pasture below upper kula rd Local colony on flat low place on gently sloping pastureland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 53772 Maui BISH 8/31/1971
27 Xanthium strumarium L. P.T.B.G., Lawai Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 2344 Kauai BISH 1/27/1972
28 Xanthium strumarium L. Honolulu District: Koko Head, Ihiihilauakea Crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bruegmann, M.M. 169 Oahu BISH 1/26/1985
29 Xanthium strumarium L. W Maui, Olowalu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 992 Maui BISH 4/6/1972
30 Xanthium strumarium L. koko crater, maunalua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 10407 Oahu BISH 2/28/1930
31 Xanthium strumarium L. Along the highway near the lands of Waialua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5741 Molokai BISH 3/10/1976
32 Xanthium strumarium L. honolulu district: koko head, ihiihilauakea crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bruegmann, m.m. collector number: 169 Oahu BISH 1/26/1985
33 Xanthium strumarium L. Kahoolawe All over the island. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bryan Jr., E.H. 737 Kahoolawe BISH 6/16/1931
34 Xanthium strumarium L. N of Halulu Lake On mud flat. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 23645 Niihau BISH 4/1/1949
35 Xanthium strumarium L. Honolulu; Waikiki Dry coral plain. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Baker, R.J. s.n. Oahu BISH 7/15/1932
36 Xanthium strumarium L. kaaawa In sand back of beach. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cowan, r.s. collector number: 400 Oahu BISH 12/1/1946
37 Xanthium strumarium L. mokapu peninsula, ulupau head Frequent on disintegrated lava. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN harris, j.a. collector number: c242070 Oahu BISH 8/20/1924
38 Xanthium strumarium L. p.t.b.g., lawai valley Forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 2344 Hawaii BISH 1/27/1972
39 Xanthium strumarium L. transect c3 - from spotting tower to area above waikahalulu bay Scattered throughout island, this specimen in gulch bottom. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN char, w.p. collector number: 78.055a Kahoolawe BISH 11/24/1978
40 Xanthium strumarium L. lualailua s slope of haleakala ravine PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 2034.m Maui BISH 3/19/1920
41 Xanthium strumarium L. Lehua Islet, above Weatherport on ridge. Coastal Dry Shrubland w/ Cenchrus ciliaris-Setaria verticillata-Pluchea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 2622 Lehua PTBG 4/27/2011
42 Xanthium strumarium L. Koolau Range, Pauoa Valley, Pauoa Dry habitat. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nishida, T. s.n. Oahu BISH 10/24/1943
43 Xanthium strumarium L. koele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 187.l ? Lanai BISH 6/1/1913
44 Xanthium strumarium L. oahu. haliewa point, haleiwa. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 27126 CHRB 10/20/1946
45 Xanthium strumarium L. Kekaha, Kokee Road, on East side of road. Common on edge of road and old cane fields. Collected as part of KISC 2007 Early Detection Roadside Survey. Ruderal vegetation. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 1361 Kauai PTBG 5/31/2007
46 Xanthium strumarium L. Honolulu District, Koko Head, Ihiihilauakea Crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bruegmann, M. M. 169 Oahu US 1/26/1985
47 Xanthium strumarium L. Mokuleia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 17942 Oahu US 3/14/1933
48 Xanthium strumarium L. puuwaawaa, transect t16 at puu huluhulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. n. takeuchi 5733 Hawaii US 12/26/1989
49 Xanthium strumarium L. P.T.B.G., Lawai Valley. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 2344 Kauai US 1/27/1972
50 Xanthium strumarium L. Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 13695 Oahu US 6/15/2016
51 Xanthium strumarium L. Kau District, land of Makaka Kopu Moaula PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 5833 Hawaii US 4/21/1976
52 Xanthium strumarium L. honolulu district, koko head, ihiihilauakea crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN m. bruegmann 169 Hawaii US 1/26/1985
53 Xanthium strumarium L. Waimanalo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Pickering, O.; Seamster, B. 17941 Oahu US 1/28/2027
54 Xanthium strumarium L. 2 mi into cane haul rd. going to polihale PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. t. beck & l. jackson-beck 1177 Kauai US 8/3/1990
55 Xanthium strumarium L. 2 mi into cane haul rd. going to Polihale PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Beck, H. T.; Jackson-Beck, L. A. 1177 Kauai US 8/3/1990
56 Xanthium strumarium L. punawa at east side of kahuku point PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. hartt, c. collector number: s.n. Oahu US 8/7/1938
57 Xanthium strumarium L. W side of Ulapau Crater, Mokapu Peninsula PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Smith, L. B. 24 Oahu US 5/24/1974
58 Xanthium strumarium L. Laie PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 11133 Oahu US 11/15/1931
59 Xanthium strumarium L. waimanalo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. pickering & b. seamster 17941 Oahu US 1/28/1927
60 Xanthium strumarium L. w side of ulapau crater, mokapu peninsula PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. b. smith 24 Oahu US 5/24/1974
61 Xanthium strumarium L. laie PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john 11133 Oahu US 11/15/1931
62 Xanthium strumarium L. along the highway near the lands of Waialua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R.; Spence, G. 5741 Molokai US 3/10/1976
63 Xanthium strumarium L. kau district, land of makaka kopu moaula PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 5833 Hawaii US 4/21/1976
64 Xanthium strumarium L. maunalua, open lower slopes of koko crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john 10407 Oahu US 2/28/1930
65 Xanthium strumarium L. honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 13695 Oahu US 6/15/1916
66 Xanthium strumarium L. along the highway near the lands of waialua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & g. spence 5741 Kauai US 3/10/1976
67 Xanthium strumarium L. Maunalua, open lower slopes of Koko Crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 10407 Oahu US 2/28/1930
68 Xanthium strumarium L. Puuwaawaa, transect T16 at Puu Huluhulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W. N. 5733 Hawaii US 12/26/1989
69 Xanthium strumarium L. koko head Shallow subtidal PRESERVED_SPECIMEN octavio, a.m. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 11/28/1929
70 Xanthium strumarium L. E of BYU-H married student housing Slope flat, soil clayish. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tiu, C. CT-14 Oahu BISH 3/8/1975
71 Xanthium strumarium L. koko head, dry flat above hanauma bay PRESERVED_SPECIMEN webster, g.l. collector number: 1481 Oahu BISH 4/16/1948
72 Xanthium strumarium L. Kaalualu Bay near South Point Found in pasture areas on the west side of the bay. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Whistler, W.A. W52 Hawaii BISH 4/6/1972
73 Xanthium strumarium L. kahoolawe All over the island. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bryan jr., e.h. collector number: 737 Kahoolawe BISH 6/16/1931
74 Xanthium strumarium L. nahoko, ne shore Among Bidens, Chamaesyce, Hedyotis, and numerous weeds PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. spence, g. collector number: 4026 Oahu BISH 6/10/1974
75 Xanthium strumarium L. Koko Crater Rocky slope in gully, close to ocean, fresh-water seepage. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 1/18/1931
76 Xanthium strumarium L. Kaa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 402 Lanai BISH 4/15/1929
77 Xanthium strumarium L. Kau District, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Along Halape beach, some distance west of the Halape Shelter Growing in open sunny location. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herat, T. 857 Hawaii BISH 6/30/1974
78 Xanthium strumarium L. schofield road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bryan jr., e.h. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 2/10/1929
79 Xanthium strumarium L. pohakuloa, tank trail aa, roadside; Heterotheca grandiflora, Pennisetum setaceum, Rhynchelytrum repens, Verbesina encelioides PRESERVED_SPECIMEN tierney castillo collector number: 93 37b Hawaii BISH 7/13/1993
80 Xanthium strumarium L. waianae mts. (nw end), kuaokala 1 mi. se of puu pueo in sm hanging valley, about 50 yds south of cabin at Peacock Flats PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 22866 Oahu BISH 11/11/1947
81 Xanthium strumarium L. mokuleia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 17942 Oahu US 3/14/1933
82 Xanthium strumarium L. Mokuleia Pasture weed. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 17942 Oahu BISH 3/14/1933
83 Xanthium strumarium L. Hanapepe; Hanapepe River valley Wet slope. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 13503 Kauai BISH 12/23/1933
84 Xanthium strumarium L. laie; back of byu-h campus Slope flat, soil clay/loam. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ziegelbauer, k. collector number: 44 Oahu BISH 4/2/1975
85 Xanthium strumarium L. maunalei gulch, along road near Pili grass, `ilima, pitted beard grass, and nehe growing in the area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN funk, e.j. collector number: 920021 Lanai BISH 2/22/1992
86 Xanthium strumarium L. Punawa at east side of Kahuku Point On sand dunes. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 8/7/1938
87 Xanthium strumarium L. Waialua; Haleiwa Point Common on flat coral rock and thin sand; full sun. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 27126 Oahu BISH 10/20/1946
88 Xanthium strumarium L. w maui, olowalu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 992 Maui BISH 4/6/1972
89 Xanthium strumarium L. Transect C3 - from spotting tower to area above Waikahalulu Bay Scattered throughout island, this specimen in gulch bottom. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Char, W.P. 78.055A Kahoolawe BISH 11/24/1978
90 Xanthium strumarium L. honolulu; salt lake boulevard at the lake On roadside waste ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN mäkinen, l. mäkinen, y. collector number: 66-10 Oahu BISH 1/2/1966
91 Xanthium strumarium L. ne slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bryan jr., e.h. collector number: 1417 Kauai BISH 6/7/1939
92 Xanthium strumarium L. Maunalei Gulch, along road near Pili grass, `ilima, pitted beard grass, and nehe growing in the area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Funk, E.J. 920021 Lanai BISH 2/22/1992
93 Xanthium strumarium L. e of byu-h married student housing Slope flat, soil clayish. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN tiu, c. collector number: ct-14 Oahu BISH 3/8/1975
94 Xanthium strumarium L. Nahoko, NE shore Common along roadside in arid, disturbed Prosopis thicket. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 4026 Lanai BISH 6/10/1974
95 Xanthium strumarium L. NE slope Widely scattered on NE slope among pili grass and algarobas. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bryan Jr., E.H. 1417 Kahoolawe BISH 6/7/1939
96 Xanthium strumarium L. west molokai; ne of puu ula Dominant weed in eroded places on dry flat volcanic soil. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 29570 Molokai BISH 2/22/1948
97 Xanthium strumarium L. p.t.b.g., lawai valley. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 2344 Kauai US 1/27/1972
98 Xanthium strumarium L. hanapepe; hanapepe river valley Wet slope. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. fosberg, f.r. collector number: 13503 Kauai BISH 12/23/1933
99 Xanthium strumarium L. Koko Crater, Maunalua Open lower slopes of Koko Crater. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 10407 Oahu BISH 2/28/1930
100 Xanthium strumarium L. mokuleia Pasture weed. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 17942 Oahu BISH 3/14/1933
101 Xanthium strumarium L. Nanakuli PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 12943 Oahu BISH 3/12/1933
102 Xanthium strumarium L. Laie Roadside weed. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 11133 Oahu BISH 11/15/1931
103 Xanthium strumarium L. Laie; Near BYU-HC Slope 0 deg., silty loam. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Afualo, D. 112 Oahu BISH 3/25/1975
104 Xanthium strumarium L. diamond head crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN christophersen, e. wilder, g.p.; hume, e.p. collector number: 1436 Oahu BISH 1/22/1931
105 Xanthium strumarium L. honolulu; waikiki In wet Metrosideros forest adjacent to disturbed ohia savannah. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN baker, r.j. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 7/15/1932
106 Xanthium strumarium L. koolau range, pauoa valley, pauoa Dry habitat. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nishida, t. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 10/24/1943
107 Xanthium strumarium L. West slope of Haleakala, Kula, Haleakala Ranch, pasture below Upper Kula Rd Local colony on flat low place on gently sloping pastureland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 53772 Maui BISH 8/31/1971
108 Xanthium strumarium L. Kaluakoi, Kawakiu Road Sand dunes PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 12459 Molokai BISH 12/22/1932
109 Xanthium strumarium L. lower kipahulu valley, area between upper pasture and the gauging station on palakea stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gagné, b.h. collector number: s.n. Maui BISH 3/1/1975
110 Xanthium strumarium L. Lower Kipahulu Valley, Area between upper pasture and the gauging station on Palakea Stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gagne, B.H. s.n. Maui BISH 3/1/1975
111 Xanthium strumarium L. East Maui, Makawao District, Ahihi-Kinau Natural Area Reserve, Kipuka at the head of the trail towards Pohaku Paea from the midstop along Makena-Keoneoio Road Pockets of vegetation in a'a lava and at roadside. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Abbott, I.A. 91.48 Maui BISH 3/6/1991
112 Xanthium strumarium L. Koko Head, dry flat above Hanauma Bay PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Webster, G.L. 1481 Oahu BISH 4/16/1948
113 Xanthium strumarium L. Kaaawa In sand back of beach. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cowan, R.S. 400 Oahu BISH 12/1/1946
114 Xanthium strumarium L. Honolulu; Salt Lake Boulevard at the lake On roadside waste ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Mäkinen, L. 66-10 Oahu BISH 1/2/1966
115 Xanthium strumarium L. waianae side, makua beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN spence, g. collector number: 219 Oahu BISH 9/27/1973
116 Xanthium strumarium L. east maui, hana district, in corral e of moomooiki gulch coastal pasture lands se of kauiki from kaihalulu bay to ka iwi o pele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. fromm, h. collector number: 2537 Maui BISH 10/22/1987
117 Xanthium strumarium L. kaluakoi, kawakui road Sand dunes PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. baker, r.j.; coulter, j.w.; fosberg, f.r.; yuncker, t.g. collector number: 12459 Molokai BISH 12/22/1932
118 Xanthium strumarium L. West Molokai; NE of Puu Ula Dominant weed in eroded places on dry flat volcanic soil. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 29570 Molokai BISH 2/22/1948
119 Xanthium strumarium L. Waianae side, Makua Beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Spence, G. 219 Oahu BISH 9/27/1973
120 Xanthium strumarium L. Halape Shore. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fagerlund, G.O. 342 Hawaii BISH 2/16/1943
121 Xanthium strumarium L. Kau District, land of Makaka Kopu Moaula Roadside weed. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5833 Hawaii BISH 4/21/1976
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